JOURNAL OF EDUCATION (EKSUJOE)

FOREIGN TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE TIME OF SOLOMON: LESSONS FOR NIGERIA’S GLOBAL TRADE STRATEGY

Abstract

This study explores the foreign trade and economic relations during the reign of King Solomon, drawing out practical insights for improving Nigeria’s global trade strategy. In the Old Testament, particularly 1 Kings 10 and 2 Chronicles 9, Solomon's administration engaged in extensive international trade with nations such as Tyre, Egypt, and Sheba. These partnerships were characterized by mutual benefit, resource exchange, and infrastructural development. The problem identified in this study is Nigeria's over dependence on crude oil exports, poor trade diversification, and weak bilateral agreements, which have hindered sustainable economic growth. The study adopts a qualitative, historical-comparative method, using scriptural analysis alongside current economic reports and scholarly interpretations. The theoretical framework is grounded in Political Economy Theory, which emphasizes the role of governance and policy in economic outcomes. Findings revealedthat Solomon's trade success was rooted in strategic alliances, resource diversification (e.g., gold, spices, horses, timber), and a well-organized port system (e.g., Ezion-Geber). In contrast, Nigeria's trade policy seems to lack long-term vision, infrastructure, and transparency. The study concludes that lessons from Solomon's era can guide Nigeria towards a more diversified, transparent, and strategic global trade system. The study recommends strengthening trade institutions, fostering mutually beneficial regional and international partnerships, and diversifying export commodities.